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Demographics

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Historical population Census Pop. %± 1800 2,458 — 1810 12,282 399.7% 1820 55,211 349.5% 1830 157,445 185.2% 1840 476,183 202.4% 1850 851,470 78.8% 1860 1,711,951 101.1% 1870 2,539,891 48.4% 1880 3,077,871 21.2% 1890 3,826,352 24.3% 1900 4,821,550 26.0% 1910 5,638,591 16.9% 1920 6,485,280 15.0% 1930 7,630,654 17.7% 1940 7,897,241 3.5% 1950 8,712,176 10.3% 1960 10,081,158 15.7% 1970 11,113,976 10.2% 1980 11,426,518 2.8% 1990 11,430,602 0.0% 2000 12,419,293 8.6% 2010 12,830,632 3.3% 2019 (est.) 12,671,821 −1.2% Source: 1910–2010 2019 Estimate The United States Census Bureau estimates that the population of Illinois was 12,671,821 in 2019, moving from the fifth-largest state to the sixth-largest state (losing out to Pennsylvania). Illinois's population declined by 69,259 people from July 2018 to July 2019, making it the worst decline of any state in the U.S. in raw terms. failed verification This includes a natural increase since the last census of 462,146 people (i.e., 1,438,...
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History

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Geologic history During the early part of the Paleozoic Era, the area that would one day become Illinois was submerged beneath a shallow sea and located near the Equator. Diverse marine life lived at this time, including trilobites, brachiopods, and crinoids. Changing environmental conditions led to the formation of large coal swamps in the Carboniferous. Illinois was above sea level for at least part of the Mesozoic, but by its end was again submerged by the Western Interior Seaway. This receded by the Eocene Epoch. During the Pleistocene Epoch, vast ice sheets covered much of Illinois, with only the Driftless Area remaining exposed. These glaciers carved the basin of Lake Michigan and left behind traces of ancient glacial lakes and moraines. Pre-European American Indians of successive cultures lived along the waterways of the Illinois area for thousands of years before the arrival of Europeans. The Koster Site has been excavated and demonstrates 7,000 years of continuous habitation. ...
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Illinois

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Illinois ( / ˌ ɪ l ə ˈ n ɔɪ / ( listen ) IL -ə- NOY ) is a state in the Midwestern and Great Lakes regions of the United States. It has the fifth largest gross domestic product (GDP), the sixth largest population, and the 25th largest land area of all U.S. states. Illinois has been noted as a microcosm of the entire United States. With Chicago in northeastern Illinois, small industrial cities and immense agricultural productivity in the north and center of the state, and natural resources such as coal, timber, and petroleum in the south, Illinois has a diverse economic base, and is a major transportation hub. The Port of Chicago connects the state to international ports via two main routes: from the Great Lakes, via the Saint Lawrence Seaway, to the Atlantic Ocean and from the Great Lakes to the Mississippi River, via the Illinois River, through the Illinois Waterway. The Mississippi River, the Ohio River, and the Wabash River form parts of the boundaries of Illinois. For decades,...
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